UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA     AGRICULTURAL   EXPERIMENT  STATION 

~*.   •   m**m-     «r-     *^n.~...  T-..nr-  BENJ.    IDE    WHEELER,    PRESIDENT 

COLLEGE   OF  AGRICULTURE 

THOMAS    FORSYTH     HUNT,    DEAN  AND   DIRECTOR 

BERKELEY  h.  e.  van  norman,  vice-director  and  dean 

University  Farm  School 


CIRCULAR  No.  167 

August,  1917 

FEEDING  STUFFS  OF  MINOR 
IMPORTANCE 

By  F.  W.  WOLL 


The  prevailing  high  prices  for  hay  and  other  common  feeding 
stuffs  are  leading  farmers  to  look  for  materials  that  may  serve  as 
partial  substitutes.  The  object  of  this  circular  is  to  describe  briefly 
a  number  of  such  materials  that  are  not  generally  used  for  stock 
feeding  by  our  farmers  at  the  present  time,  but  which  can  be  so  used 
to  a  considerable  extent,  without  affecting  appreciably  the  production 
of  the  stock,  and  with  a  resulting  reduction  in  feed  cost. 

The  problem  of  cheapening  the  cost  of  production  of  animal 
products  by  the  use,  in  part,  of  low-grade  feed  materials  is  so  much 
the  more  important  since  normal  conditions  with  regard  to  feed  prices 
are  not  likely  to  return  for  at  least  several  years  and  as  prices  for 
the  products  of  the  farm  have  not  increased  in  proportion  to  the 
increase  in  feed  prices,  and  this  condition  may  not  be  changed  in 
the  near  future.  The  farmer  and  stockman  must,  therefore,  feed 
more  cheaply  than  in  the  past,  or  keep  stock  that  will  give  better 
returns  for  the  feed  consumed  than  that  now  commonly  kept,  or 
both.  This  circular  deals  with  the  former  method  of  increasing  the 
profits  from  stock  raising,  but  it  should  be  distinctly  understood  that 
improvement  along  both  lines  suggested  is  possible,  and  should  be 
made  in  order  that  animal  husbandry  may  pay  as  well  or  better  in 
the  future  than  it  has  in  the  past. 

Most  of  the  materials  discussed  in  the  following  pages  are  only  of 
medium  or  low  feeding  value  compared  with  standard  cattle  feeds, 
and  cannot  make  up  the  entire  ration  for  growing  or  producing  farm 
animals.  Stock  that  is  idle  or  maintained  at  an  even  weight,  on  the 
other  hand,  can  be  kept  in  a  good  body  condition  on  rations  composed 


wholly  of  some  of  these  materials,  at  a  minimum  feed  cost,  and  ex- 
pensive standard  feeds  thus  saved  for  the  producing  herd  or  flock. 
The  materials  referred  to  as  partial  substitutes  for  common  feed- 
ing stuffs  are  straw  from  small  grains,  rice,  or  leguminous  crops, 
stalks  of  Indian  corn  or  grain  sorghums,  grain  and  rice  stubble,  sugar- 
beet  tops  and  leaves,  cannery  refuse,  by-products  from  the  orchard 
or  truck  gardening,  etc.  The  average  chemical  composition  of  these 
materials  for  which  analyses  are  available,  with  estimated  digestible 
components,  will  be  seen  from  the  following  table.  For  the  sake  of 
comparison,  this  also  includes  corresponding  figures  for  alfalfa  hay 
and  barley. 


Composition  of  Feeding  Stuffs  of  Minor  Importance,  in 
(Various  Authorities) 


Moisture  Protein       Fat  Fiber 

Barley  straw  14.2  3.5  1.5  36.0 

Oat    straw    9.2  4.0  2.3  37.0 

Wheat   straw  9.6  3.4  1.3  38.1 

Eice  straw  7.5  3.9  1.4  33.5 

Lima    bean    straw....  10.0  10.7  1.9  21.1 

Horse  bean 'straw ....       9.2  8.8  1.4  37.6 

Soy  bean  straw 10.1  4.6  1.7  40.4 

Foxtail  hay  7.5  7.0  2.0  27.4 

Indian  corn  stalks....  19.0  5.7  1.2  27.7 

Kafir  stalks  19.2  4.8  1.6  26.8 

Milo  fodder  11.1  12.0  4.5  18.4 

Sugar  beet  leaves 

and  tops  83.8  2.3  .4  1.6 

Cull  potatoes  79.1  2.1  .1  .4 

Potato  tops  78.0  2.3  1.0  6.0 

Artichoke  tops,  air- 
dried    25.8  4.2  .9  22.0 

Cull  apples  80.8  .7  .4  1.2 

Apple  pomace  83.0  1.0  .9  2.9 

Cull   raisins    19.0  4.5  67.7* 

Grape  pomacej 67.0  4.3  2.1  7.8 

Olive  pulpf 11.1  4.6  13.1  39.2 

Almond  hullsf  17.3  2.0  .8  17.0 

Carob  pods  11.9  8.0  1.0  5.6 

Acorns  55.3  2.5  1.9  4.4 

Spineless  cactus  92.8  .5  .1  .9 

Alfalfa  hay  17.1  14.0  1.9  25.0 

Barley  10.8  12.0  1.8  4.2 

*  Chiefly  sugar,     f  Digestibility  not  known. 


PORTAN 

CE,    IN 

Per  Cent 

N-free 
extract 

Ash 

Di 

Pro- 
tein 

gestible 
Carbo- 
hydrates 
and  fat 

39.0 

5.7 

.9 

41.5 

42.4 

5.1 

1.3 

41.3 

43.4 

4.2 

.8 

36.1 

39.2 

14.5 

.9 

38.5 

46.7 

9.6 

5.4 

41.5 

34.3 

8.7 

4.3 

41.3 

37.4 

5.8 

2.3 

42.4 

47.3 

8.8 

4.0 

50.9 

40.9 

5.5 

2.1 

44.0 

39.6 

8.0 

1.6 

44.5 

44.1 

9.9 

1.9 

42.6 

7.4 

4.8 

1.7 

7.7 

17.4 

.9 

1.1 

15.9 

9.7 

3.0 

1.0 

9.4 

40.1 

7.0 

2.7 

51.5 

16.6 

.4 

.8 

17.0 

11.6 

.6 

.5 

10.7 

2.2 

3.4 

65:2 

16.3 

2.5 

30.4 

1.6 

.... 

57.3 

5.6 



71.8 

1.7 

2.4 

66.5 

34.8 

1.0 

2.1 

38.2 

4.5 

1.2 

.3 

3.9 

34.7 

7.3 

10.4 

38.2 

68.7 

2.5 

9.4 

75.9 

Cereal  Straw. — Straw  of  small  grains,  especially  that  of  oats,  bar- 
ley, and  wheat,  may  take  the  place  of  hay  to  a  limited  extent  in 
feeding  farm  animals.  About  one-third  of  the  roughage  is  generally 
fed  to  cattle  in  European  countries,  and  one-half  or  more  to  horses. 
This  is  either  fed  whole  or  chopped,  the  former  as  a  rule  to  cattle 
and  the  latter  to  horses,  being  fed  wet  and  mixed  with  grain  or 
sliced  roots.  It  does  not  appear  that  the  nutritive  effect  of  the  ration 
is  reduced  by  substituting  straw  for  common  hay  to  this  extent. 
Fine  bright  oat  straAV  has  an  approximately  similar  feeding  value 
to  a  medium  quality  of  wild  hay.  Barley  and  spring  wheat  straw 
rank  next  in  feeding  value.  Other  kinds  of  straw  or  poorer  grades 
of  the  cereal  straws  mentioned  may  be  used  for  bedding  after  cattle 
or  sheep  have  picked  it  over. 

By  chopping  and  feeding  the  straw  wet,  mixed  with  grain,  roots, 
or  molasses,  even  coarse  old  straw  may  be  utilized  for  stock  feeding 
and  aid  in  reducing  the  amount  of  valuable  hay  required  to  keep 
animals  in  good  condition.  In  these  days  of  high  feed  prices,  it  is 
more  than  ever  inexcusable  to  burn  straw  to  get  rid  of  it.  By  feeding 
it  to  stock,  as  suggested,  at  least  one-half  a  similar  amount  of  hay  may 
be  saved,  and  the  full  manurial  value  of  the  straw  saved  at  the  same 
time. 

Rice  Straw. — With  the  growth  of  the  rice  industry  in  the  state 
during  recent  years,  the  proper  utilization  of  the  rice  by-products 
has  become  more  important  than  formerly.  Rice  straw  has  a  fair 
feeding  value,  only  slightly  below  that  of  oat  and  barley  straw,  and 
may  be  fed  to  horses  and  cattle  with  good  results,  as  a  part  of  their 
roughage.  If  fed  as  sole  roughage,  as  is  sometimes  done,  the  allow- 
ance of  grain  must  be  somewhat  increased  over  the  amount  fed  with 
hay.  Rice  straw  alone  does  not  furnish  sufficient  nutriment  for  pro- 
ductive purposes  although  it  makes  a  good  maintenance  feed.  Accord- 
ing to  reports  received,  it  can  also  be  successfully  made  into  silage 
if  plenty  of  water  is  added  as  the  cut  mass  goes  into  the  silo. 

Legume  Straw. — Straw  from  leguminous  crops,  beans,  peas,  etc., 
is  somewhat  higher  in  nutrients  than  cereal  straw,  but  is  generally 
coarse-stemmed  and  less  palatable  to  stock  than  the  latter.  Lima 
bean  straw  is  commonly  fed  to  cows,  horses,  and  sheep  in  the  south 
coastal  counties  of  the  state  and  is  considered  of  nearly  similar  feeding- 
value  as  good  grain  hay  or  fair  grades  of  alfalfa  or  clover  hay.  In 
order  to  avoid  waste  in  feeding,  it  is  preferably  run  through  a  cutter 
and  either  fed  alone  or  mixed  with  feeds,  like  silage,  sliced  roots,  or 
concentrates. 


Alfalfa  straw  obtained  as  a  by-product  in  alfalfa  seed  production 
can  be  used  for  feeding  horses  and,  if  chopped,  for  cattle  and  sheep. 
It  is  low  in  protein  and  high  in  fiber  (below  10  per  cent  and  above 
30  per  cent,  respectively),  and  has  about  one-half  the  feeding  value 
of  ordinary  alfalfa  hay. 

Grain  stubble  furnishes  feed  for  large  numbers  of  hogs,  sheep 
and  other  stock  in  this  state  during  the  late  summer  and  early  fall. 
The  value  of  ordinary  stubble  pasture  is  generally  recognized  by 
farmers.  Rice  stubble  fields  also  supply  valuable  pasture  for  farm 
animals,  including  horses  and  turkeys,  and  have  been  extensively 
utilized  for  stock  feeding  in  rice-growing  sections  during  late  years. 

Foxtail,  at  an  early  stage  of  growth,  while  the  beards  are  still 
soft  and  silky,  compares  favorably  with  grain  hay  in  composition  and 
feeding  value,  but  it  seems  impossible  to  avoid  difficulties  in  pastur- 
ing this  crop  or  feeding  such  hay,  from  even  early  cuttings,  to  stock 
on  account  of  the  stiff  beards.  When  old  weedy  alfalfa  fields  cannot 
be  cut  early  for  hay,  the  only  method  of  utilizing  the  crop  is  to  make 
it  into  alfalfa  silage  •  even  then  the  crop  must  be  cut  before  the  foxtail 
beards  have  become  stiff,  in  order  to  make  satisfactory  silage. 

Indian  corn  stalks  form  an  important  source  of  feed  for  farm 
animals  in  eastern  and  central  states.  Cattle  and  horses  are  either 
allowed  to  harvest  the  stalks  (stover)  in  the  field  or  the  stalks  are 
fed  whole  in  the  barn  or  corral.  In  some  cases,  they  are  run  through 
a  cutter  or  shredder  before  being  fed  to  stock.  This  is  by  far  the 
better  way  of  handling  the  stalks,  as  the  nutrients  contained  in  them 
may  thus  be  fully  utilized.  Chemical  analyses  and  digestion  trials 
have  shown  that  about  one-third  of  the  total  digestible  nutrients  in 
the  corn  crop  is  found  in  the  stalks.  It  is,  therefore,  a  matter  of 
great  economical  importance  to  our  country  that  the  enormous  feed 
supply  present  in  corn  stalks  be  not  allowed  to  go  to  waste.  They 
furnish  a  good  feed  for  farm  animals,  especially  young  stock,  winter- 
ing cattle  or  ewes,  and  horses  doing  light  work.  If  fed  whole,  con- 
siderable waste  will  occur,  even  if  the  stalks  are  fed  in  the  corral 
or  the  manger,  and  they  are,  therefore,  preferably  fed  chopped  or 
shredded,  in  which  case  stock  will  eat  them  practically  without  waste. 

Stalks  of  grain  sorghums,  milo,  Egyptian  corn,  feterita,  etc.,  con- 
tain similar  amounts  of  nutrients  as  Indian  corn  stalks,  and  should 
be  utilized  for  stock  feeding  in  the  same  way.  Where  the  crop  is  not 
grown  especially  for  grain,  either  for  seed  or  hog  feeding,  the  more 
economical  method  of  preserving  the  sorghum  crop,  as  well  as  the 


Indian  corn  crop,  for  feeding  farm  animals  is  to  make  it  into  silage. 
The  greatest  feeding  value  is  secured  by  this  method  of  preservation 
and  the  cost  of  feeding  the  crop  thereby  reduced.*  The  silo  furnishes 
the  most  economical  method  of  utilizing  standard  forage  crops,  like 
Indian  corn,  sorghum  varieties,  Sudan  grass,  cereal  grains,  etc.,  for 
feeding  cattle  and  sheep.  It  also  renders  it  possible  to  change 
materials  of  minor  or  very  little  value  for  stock  feeding,  like  many 
of  those  described  in  this  circular,  into  palatable  feeds  of  considerable 
feeding  value. 

Cannery  refuse  furnishes  large  amounts  of  feed  available  at  or 
near  canneries,  mainly  pea  and  corn  canneries.  It  is  ordinarily  siloed 
and  used  for  feeding  sheep,  milch  cows,  or  beef  cattle.  Pea  cannery 
refuse  (pea  vines)  is  also  sometimes  cured  into  hay  and  fed  to  stock  as 
such,  with  good  results. 

Sugar  beet  tops  and  leaves  are  available  in  large  quantities  during 
the  late  summer  and  fall  in  beet-growing  sections,  and  are  generally 
fed  in  the  field  to  cattle  and  sheep.  On  account  of  the  large  content 
of  oxalic  acid  in  the  leaves,  they  are  preferably  fed  in  limited  amounts 
only,  along  with  some  dry  roughage.  The  best  way  to  utilize  this 
by-product  for  stock  feeding  is  to  silo  the  tops  and  leaves  after  run- 
ning them  through  a  cutter.  They  may  be  siloed  alone  or  mixed 
with  dry  materials,  like  corn  stalks,  milo  stalks,  etc.  They  can  also 
be  siloed  by  being  buried  in  a  trench  in  the  field  and  covered  with 
straw  and  dirt,  but  the  losses  of  nutrients  are  heavy  in  this  case, 
amounting  from  one-third  to  one-half.  Silage  made  from  beet  tops 
and  leaves  only  has  a  rather  offensive  odor,  but  makes  a  palatable 
stock  feed.  It  is  a  standard  feed  for  dairy  and  beef  cattle  in  Euro- 
pean beet-growing  countries. 

Cull  potatoes  are  of  special  value  as  a  feed  for  fattening  hogs; 
they  can  also  be  fed  to  advantage  to  other  classes  of  stock,  to  horses, 
sheep,  and  milch  cows,  as  a  partial  substitute  for  grain.  Six 
pounds  of  potatoes  have  a  similar  feeding  value  as  one  pound  of 
grain;  if  steamed  and  fed  to  hogs,  they  have  been  found  equal  to 
about  one-fourth  their  weight  of  grain.  The  latter  method  of  prep- 
aration is  to  be  recommended  in  feeding  potatoes  to  hogs. 

Potato  tops  can  be  utilized  as  roughage  for  stock  after  the  leaves 
have  turned  yellow.  The}'  should  not  be  fed  to  stock  while  still  green 
as  they  may  contain  poisonous  substances  at  that  time,  the  same  as 
sprouted  potatoes.     If  cut  a  few  days  before  the  potato  harvest  and 


*  See  Circular  138  and  Bulletin  282,  California  Agricultural  College. 


cured  into  hay,  they  are  said  to  furnish  a  feed  fully  equal  in  feeding 
value,  although  not  in  palatability,  to  meadow  hay  (or  similar  to 
grain  hay  or  stock  hay).  Potato  vines  may  also  be  made  into  silage 
by  being  placed  in  a  silo  or  a  trench  in  the  field,  as  in  the  case  of 
beet  tops.  Such  silage  makes  a  more  palatable  feed  for  stock  than 
the  dried  tops. 

Orchard  Products. — Apples,  grapes,  oranges,  and  other  orchard 
fruits  are  frequently  fed  to  stock,  especially  swine,  in  fruit-growing 
sections.  Broadly  speaking,  their  feeding  value  varies  from  one- 
fourth  to  one-sixth  of  that  of  common  grain  feeds.  The  by-products 
obtained  in  the  manufacture  of  apple  cider,  wine,  olive  oil,  etc.,  have 
a  distinct  feeding  value,  as  indicated  by  the  analyses  given  in  the 
table,  and  should  be  utilized  for  stock  feeding,  if  possible,  being 
especially  adapted  for  feeding  market  hogs.  Raisins  that  are  not 
marketable  will  make  an  excellent  feed  for  fattening  hogs  if  they  do 
not  make  up  over  one-half  of  the  grain  ration ;  fed  more  heavily,  they 
are  likely  to  cause  scouring  and  will  produce  unsatisfactory  gains. 
According  to  experiments  conducted  at  the  University  Farm,  raisins 
fed  as  stated  possess  a  similar  feeding  value  as  barley,  pound  for 
pound.  The  same  holds  true  in  the  case  of  carob  pods,  the  fruit  of 
the  carob  tree.  This  grows  readily  in  the  southern  part  of  the  state, 
giving  annually  when  fully  established  a  crop  of  pods  which  are 
greatly  relished  by  stock  on  account  of  their  high  sugar  content. 
Rolled  pods  are  especially  valuable  as  a  component  of  grain  mixtures 
for  calves.  Almond  hulls  are  only  of  value  for  feeding  hogs  and 
sheep  on  account  of  the  nuts  present  therein.  If  the  huller  has  done 
poor  work,  hogs  will  gain  weight  on  rooting  over  a  pile  of  almond 
hulls.  Otherwise,  this  will  not  furnish  sufficient  nutriment  to  main- 
tain the  animals  at  an  even  body  weight. 

Acorns  are  used  in  parts  of  the  state  as  a  feed  for  fattening  hogs. 
According  to  the  testimony  of  packers  and  butchers,  the  quality  of 
acorn-fed  pork  is,  however,  very  inferior,  and  their  use  cannot  be 
recommended  except  when  fed  with  at  least  an  equal  amount  of  grain. 
The  quality  of  the  pork  produced  is  soft  and  undesirable  from  both 
the  packer's  and  consumer's  standpoint,  even  if  grain  (barley)  is 
fed  for  several  weeks  prior  to  slaughter. 

Spineless  cactus  is  included  in  the  preceding  list  of  feeds,  mainly 
because  of  the  interest  which  has  been  created  regarding  it  through 
occasional  favorable  newspaper  reports.  A  single  trial  with  cows  in 
the  University  dairy  herd  showed  it  to  have  no  more  merit  than  sug- 


gested  by  its  chemical  composition.  It  proved  unpalatable  to  our 
cows,  but  undoubtedly  in  some  cases  it  has  been  eaten  by  cows  and 
hogs  with  a  relish  and  in  considerable  amounts.  As  orfc  hundred 
pound  contain  less  than  eight  pounds  of  dry  matter  and  but  slightly 
over  four  pounds  digestible  nutrients,  it  may  be  looked  upon  mainly 
as  an  appetizer  to  stock  that  have  become  accustomed  to  it,  and  can- 
not, as  a  general  rule,  be  considered  a  substitute  for  either  roots  or 
silage,  as  is  sometimes  claimed. 


STATION  PUBLICATIONS   AVAILABLE   FOR  FREE   DISTRIBUTION 


1897. 

1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1914. 

1915. 

1916. 


REPORTS 

Resistant  Vines,  their  Selection,   Adaptation,  and  Grafting.     Appendix  to  Viticultural 

Report  for  1896. 
Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  for   1898-1901. 
Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  for   1901-03. 
Twentf-second  Report  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment   Station  for   1903-04. 
Report  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,   July, 

1913-June,    1914. 
Report  of  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Agricultural   Experiment   Station,    July, 

1914-June,    1915. 
Report  of  the  College  of  Agriculture   and  the  Agricultural   Experiment   Station,    July, 

1915-June,    1916. 

BULLETINS 


No. 

230. 
241. 
242. 
244. 
246. 
248. 

249. 
250. 
251. 


252. 
253. 

255. 
257. 
261. 

262. 

263. 
264. 
265. 
266. 


No. 

82. 

107. 

108. 
109. 


113. 
114. 
115. 
117. 

118. 
121. 

124. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 


140. 
141. 


No. 

Enological  Investigations.  267. 

Vine  Pruning  in  California,  Part  I.  268. 

Humus  in  California  Soils.  270. 

Utilization  of  Waste  Oranges. 

Vine  Pruning  in  California,  Part  II. 

The  Economic  Value  of  Pacific  Coast  271. 

Kelps.  272. 

Stock-Poisoning  Plants  of  California.  273. 
The  Loquat. 

Utilization  of  the  Nitrogen  and  Organic  274. 

Matter   in    Septic   and   Imhoff   Tank 

Sludges.  275. 
Deterioration  of  Lumber. 

Irrigation   and   Soil   Conditions   in  the  276. 

Sierra  Nevada  Foothills,  California.  277. 

The   Citricola    Scale.  278. 

New  Dosage  Tables.  279. 

Melaxuma    of    the    Walnut,     "Juglans  280. 

regia." 

Citrus   Diseases   of   Florida   and   Cuba  281. 

Compared  with  Those  of  California. 

Size  Grade  for  Ripe  Olives.  282. 
The  Calibration  of  the  Leakage  Meter. 

Cottony  Rot  of  Lemons  in   California.  283. 

A  Spotting  of  Citrus  Fruits  Due  to  the  284. 

Action  of  Oil  Liberated  from  the  Rind.  285. 

CIRCULARS 
No. 

The     Common     Ground     Squirrels     of  142. 

California. 

Spraying  Walnut  Trees  for  Blight  and  143. 

Aphis  Control. 

Grape  Juice.  144. 

Community  or  Local   Extension  Work  145. 

by  the  High  School  Agricultural  De- 
partment. 146. 
Correspondence  Courses  in  Agriculture. 
Increasing  the  Duty  of  Water.  147. 
Grafting  Vinifera  Vinevards.  148. 
The    Selection    and    Cost    of    a    Small  150. 

Pumping  Plant.  151. 

The  County  Farm  Bureau.  152. 
Some    Things    the    Prospective    Settler 

Should  Know.  153. 
Alfalfa   Silage  for  Fattening  Steers. 

Spraying  for  the  Grape  Leaf  Hopper.  154. 
House  Fumigation. 

Insecticide  Formulas.  155. 

The  Control  of  Citrus  Insects.  156. 

Cabbage  Growing  in   California.  157. 

Spraying  for  Control  of  Walnut  Aphis.  158. 

When  to  Vaccinate  against  Hog  Cholera.  15"9. 

County  Farm  Adviser.  160. 

Control  of  Raisin   Insects.  161. 

Official  Tests  of  Dairy  Cows.  162. 
Melilotus  Indica. 

Wood  Decay  in  Orchard  Trees.  163. 
The  Silo  in  California  Agriculture. 

The   Generation    of   Hydrocyanic   Acid  164. 

Gas  in  Fumigation  by  Portable  Ma-  165. 

chines. 

The  Practical  Application  of  Improved  166. 

Methods  of  Fermentation  in  Califor-  167. 

nia  Wineries  during  1913  and  1914.  168. 
Standard   Insecticides   and   Fungicides 

versus  Secret  Preparations. 


Experiments  with  Stocks  for  Citrus. 

Growing  and  Grafting  Olive  Seedlings. 

A  Comparison  of  Annual  Cropping,  Bi- 
ennial Cropping,  and  Green  Manures 
on  the  Yield  of  Wheat. 

Feeding  Dairy  Calves  in  California. 

Commercial  Fertilizers. 

Preliminary  Report  on  Kearney  Vine- 
yard Experimental  Drain. 

The  Common  Honey  Bee  as  an  Agent 
in   Prune   Pollination. 

The  Cultivation  of  Be-lladonna  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

The  Pomegranate. 

Sudan  Grass. 

Grain   Sorghums. 

Irrigation  of  Rice  in  California. 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa  in  the  Sacramento 
Valley. 

Control  of  the  Pocket  Gophers  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Trials  with  California  Silage  Crops  for 
Dairy  Cows. 

The  Olive  Insects  of  California. 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa  in  Imperial  Valley. 

The  Milch  Goat  in  California. 


Practical  and  Inexpensive  Poultry  Ap- 
pliances. 

Control    of    Grasshoppers    in    Imperial 
Valley. 

Oidium  or  Powdery  Mildew  of  the  Vine. 

Suggestions  to  Poultrymen  concerning 
Chicken  Pox. 

Jellies    and    Marmalades    from    Citrus 
Fruits. 

Tomato   Growing  in  California. 

"Lungworms." 

Round  Worms  in  Poultry. 

Feeding  and  Management  of  Hogs. 

Some  Observations  on  the  Bulk  Hand- 
ling of  Grain  in  California. 

Announcement  of  the  California  State 
Dairy  Cow  Competition,    1916-18. 

Irrigation   Practice  in  Growing   Small 
Fruits  in  California. 

Bovine  Tuberculosis. 

How  to  Operate  an  Incubator. 

Control  of  the   Pear  Scab. 

Home  and  Farm  Canning. 

Agriculture  in  the   Imperial  Valley. 

Lettuce    Growing   in    California. 

Potatoes  in  California. 

White    Diarrhoea    and    Coccidiosis    of 
Chicks. 

Fundamentals  Affecting  the  Food  Sup- 
ply of  the  United  States. 

Small  Fruit  Culture  in  California. 

Fundamentals    of    Sugar    Beet    under 
California  Conditions. 

The  County  Farm  Bureau. 

Feeding  Stuffs  of  Minor  Importance. 

Spraying  for  the  Control  of  Wild  Morn 
rag-Glory  within  the  Fog  Belt. 


